Database of records - tuna archaeology

We collated archaeological records of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) bones and scales from reports in multiple languages including unpublished reports. Please see Andrews et al. 2022: ICES Journal of Marine Science for details.

Click here to download the latest version of the database – updated June 2024

Source	Collection	Latitude	Longitude	Date	Era	Type	Imported?	NISP	Size or TL (cm)	Reference(s)	Comment
Svendborg, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	54.838388	10.597225	140000 BCE	Paleolithic	Vertebrae		2	150	Unpublished
Gorham’s Cave, Gibraltar	Gibraltar National Museum	36.117572	-5.341995	22000-26000 BCE	Paleolithic	Vertebrae		2		Brown, K., Fa, D.A., Finlayson, G. and Finlayson, C. (2011). Small game and marine resource exploitation by Neanderthals: the evidence from Gibraltar. In Trekking the Shore (pp. 247-272). Springer, New York, NY.
Cueva de Nerja, Malaga, Spain	Unknown	36.762194	-3.844262	10000 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae		1		Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E. and Hernández, F. (1998). Late Upper Paleolithic subsistence strategies in southern Iberia: tardiglacial faunas from Cueva de Nerja (Málaga, Spain). European Journal of Archaeology, 1(1), 9-50.
Franchthi Cave, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Nafplion	37.422391	23.131306	9000 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae		500	50-200	Rose, M. (1995). Fishing at Franchthi Cave, Greece: Changing Environments and Patterns of Exploitation. Old World Archaeology Newsletter 18, 21-26
Maroulas, Kythnos, Greece	Unknown	37.471079	24.430216	8800-8600 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae		12		Mylona, D. (2010). Mesolithic Fishers at Maroulas kythnos. The fish bones. The Prehistory of the island of Kythnos (Cyclades, Greece) and the Mesolithic settlement at Maroulas, 151-162.
Vela Spila, Korčula Island, Croatia	Unknown	42.969476	16.718377	8000 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae		7		Rainsford, C., O’Connor, T. and Miracle, P. (2014). Fishing in the Adriatic at the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition: Evidence from Vela Spila, Croatia. Environmental Archaeology, 19(3), 311-320.
Akanthou-Arkosyko, Cyprus	Unknown	35.408493	33.762645	7700-8200 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae		multiple, <76	NA	Şevketoğlu, M. 2002. Akanthou-Arkosyko (Tatlisu-Çiftlikdüzü): The Anatolian Connections in the 8th Millenium BC. In W.H. Waldren and J.A. Ensenyat, eds., World Islands in Prehistory: International Insular Investigations. V Deia International Conference of Prehistory. BAR Int. Ser. 1095. Oxford, 98-106.	Identified by Ruby Ceron-Carrasco as: Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus thynnus, Sarda sp.
Youra, Greece	Unknown	39.384439	24.165836	7700-6900 BCE	Mesolithic	Vertebrae				Mylona, D. (2011). Fish Vertebrae. In Bassiakos Y., Drivaliari A., Facorellis Y., Ioakim C., Karali L., Liritzis I., et al. & Sampson A. (Ed.), The Cave of the Cyclops: Mesolithic and Neolithic Networks in the Northern Aegean, Greece, Volume II: Bone Tool Industries, Dietary Resources and the Paleoenvironment, and Archeometrical Studies (pp. 237-266). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: INSTAP Academic Press.	Identified to family level only
Copenhagen, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	55.656687	12.632683	6800-5400 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		1		Enghoff, I. B., MacKenzie, B. R., & Nielsen, E. E. (2007). The Danish fish fauna during the warm Atlantic period (ca. 7000–3900 BC): forerunner of future changes?. Fisheries Research, 87(2-3), 167-180.
Cape Andreas Kastros, Cyprus	Unknown	35.694302	34.584213	6000 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		27		Desse, J., & Desse-Berset, N. (1994). Stratégies de pêche au 8ème millénaire: les poissons de Cap Andreas Kastros (Chypre). Fouilles recentes a Khirokitia Editions Recherche sur Civilisations, Paris, 335-360.
Grotte du Cap Ragnon, Bouche-du-Rhône, France	Unknown	43.345039	5.271208	6000-5800 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		4	3 years old	Courtin, J., Gagniere, S., Granier, J., Ledoux, J. C., Onoratini, G. (1972). La grotte du Cap Ragnon, commune du Rove (B. du Rh.). Bulletin de la Société d’étude des sciences naturelles de Vaucluse, 1970-1972, 113-170.
Alepotrypa Cave, Greece	Diros Neolithic Museum	36.638371	22.380755	6000-3200 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		27		Theodoropoulou, T. (2019). Fishing together, fishing on its own: Fish exploitation patterns at the Neolithic Alepotrypa cave (Diros, Greece) and Aegean prehistoric fishing traditions. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 29(3), 395-406.
Tågerup, Sweden	Unknown	55.852581	12.821479	5800 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Karsten, P., and B. Knarrström. (2003). The Tågerup Excavation. National Heritage Board. Lund: National Heritage Board.
El Retamar, Puerto Real, Spain	Unknown	36.517595	-6.167036	5000 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		4	Medium	Soriguer Escofet, M.C., Zabala Giménez, C., Hernando Casal, J.A. (2002). “Características biológicas de la fauna marina del yacimiento de El Retamar”, in J. Ramos & M. Lazarich eds, El asentamiento de El Retamar, Puerto Real, Cádiz. Contribución al estudio de la Formación Social Tribal y a los inicios de la economía de producción en la bahía de Cádiz, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, pp. 193-204.
Lerna, Greece	Ephorate of Antiquities of Corinth	37.550707	22.716921	5300-2200 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		1		Gejvall N.-J. (1969). Lerna: a Preclassical Site in the Argolid. Results of Excavations Conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Vol. I: The Fauna. ASCSA Publications, Princeton. Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Stora Förvar, Sweden	Unknown	57.284822	17.970526	5200-4000 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Ericson, P. G. P. 1989. “Faunahistoriskt Intressanta Stenålderfynd Från Stora Karlsö.” Flora och Fauna 84, 192-198.
Saliagos Cave, Greece	Paros Museum	37.048012	25.095807	4300 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		2608 scombridae bones	Large scombrids: T.thynnus or T.alalunga	Evans, J., & Renfrew, C. (1968). Excavations at Saliagos: near Antiparos. The British School at Athens. Supplementary volumes, (5), iii-226	Identified to family level only
Pefkakia, Volos, Greece	Volos Museum	39.347428	22.939066	4300-2500 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		69		Hinz, G. (1979). Neue Tierknochenfunde aus der Magula. Pevkakia in Thessalien, i. Die Nichtwiederkduer (Unpublished Dissertation,. University of Munich 1979). von den Driesch, A. (1987). ‘Haus- und Jagdtiere im vorgeschichtlichen Thessalien’, Prähistorische Zeitschrift, 62, 1-21. Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Jortveit, Norway	Natural History Museum Oslo	58.277626	8.503475	3500 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae		17		Nielsen, S. V., & Persson, P. (2020). The Jortveit farm wetland: A Neolithic fishing site on the Skagerrak coast, Norway. Journal of Wetland Archaeology, 1-24.	Joint collection of those in 2019 and 1931 under Naturhistorisk Museum i Oslo (arkivert id: PMO232.237-239)
Besik Tepe, Turkey	Unknown	39.915167	26.150817	3000-2550 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		2		von den Driesch, A. & Boessneck, J. (1984). Vorläufiger Bericht über die Untersuchungen an Tierknochenfunden (Besik Tepe, Grabung 1982). Archäologischer Anzeiger, 186-192. Boessneck, J. (1986). Die Weichtieresser vom Besik-Sivritepe. Archäologischer Anzeiger, 329-338. Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Kum Tepe, Turkey	Vertebrate Zoology section in the Natural History Museum, Stockholm	39.995727	26.210090	3000-2000 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		7		Sperling, J,W. 1976. Kum Tepe in the Troad, Trial Excavation, 1934. Hesperia 45/4: 305-364.	Identified by David Reese
Perachora, Greece	Ephorate of Antiquities of Corinth	38.030261	22.949021	2650-2200 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		2		Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Troy, Turkey	Hans-Peter Uerpmann, Tuebingen University	39.957359	26.239209	2250-1300 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		100		Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished)., Uerpmann, M. and Van Neer, W. (2000). Fischreste aus den neuen Grabungen in Troia (1989-1999). Studia Troica, 10, pp.145-179.
Gleika II, Crimea	Unknown	45.380139	36.642278	2000 BCE	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Lyashenko, Yu. N. (2006). Fauna material from the Gleiki II settlement in the Eastern Crimea. Starozhytnosti Stepovogo Prychornomorya i Krymu 13: 68-74 [Ляшенко Ю.Н. Фаунистический материал из поселения Глейки II в Восточном Крыму//Старожитностi степового Причорномор’я i Криму. XIII , Запорiжжя, 2006.]
Kommos, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Mesara	35.017545	24.760222	1700-1600 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		2		Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).	Likely representing a single individual
Akrotiri, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Thera	36.359152	25.397065	1500 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		5	100	Mylona, D. (2008a). ‘Cooking’ Installations in LC IA Akrotiri on Thera: A preliminary Study of the ‘Kitchen’ in Pillar Shaft 65: Appendix C. in Brodie, N., Doole, J., Gavalas, G. and Renfrew, C., 2008. Horizon: A Colloquium on the Prehistory of the Cyclades. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research
Koukounaries, Paros, Greece	Paros Museum	37.126466	25.209088	1300-1150 BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		1		Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Skipshelleren, Norway	Natural History Museum Oslo	60.655715	5.79705	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Olsen, H. (1976). Skipshelleren. Osteologisk materiale. Zoologisk Museum. Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen.
Ånneröd, Sweden	Unknown	58.961598	11.175986	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Alin, J. (1955). Förteckning över stenåldersboplatser i norra Bohuslän. Göteborgs och Bohusläns Fornminnesförening, Göteborg.
Gröninge, Sweden	Unknown	57.497474	12.028277	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Särlvik, I. (1976). Fornlämning 72 och 116, stenåldersboplats, Gröninge, Tölö sn, Halland. Vol. 9. Riksantikvarieämbetet Rapport 1976 B, Stockholm.
Sandhem, Sweden	Unknown	58.758193	11.175101	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Jonsson, L. (2007). Djurbenen från Sandhem. Tidigare undersökningar av djurben från kökkenmöddingar i Västsverige, in: Lönn, M., Claesson, P. (Eds.), Vistelser Vid Vatten. Gropkeramiska Platser Och Kokgropar Från Bronsålder Och Järnålder. Riksantikvarieämbetet & Bohusläns museum, Ödeshög, 231–235.
Hakeröd, Sweden	Unknown	58.566492	11.3667	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae				Jonsson, L. (2002). Animal bones from the Middle Neolithic site Hakeröd in Bohuslän, Sweden. ANL rapport 2002:1, Institutionen för Arkeologi, Göteborgs universitet, Göteborg.
Cova Fosca, Castellón, Spain	Unknown	40.455346	-0.13139	Unknown	Neolithic	Vertebrae		1	150	Roselló-Izquierdo, E. Llorente-Rodríguez, L., & Morales-Muñiz, A. (2015). The fishes from Cova Fosca (Castellón, Spain): Lost signatures of a hunter gatherer tradition? CuPAUAM 41, 87-96
Utica, Tunisia	Unknown	37.052038	10.05845	Unknown	Punic	Vertebrae		1	122	Unpublished
Ceuta, Spain	Unknown	35.889387	-5.321346	8th-7th BCE	Phoenician	Vertebrae		3		Zabala, C. Soriguer, M., Hernando, J.A. (2011), Apéndice 2. La fauna marina del yacimiento protohistoricio Catedral de Ceuta. In F. Villada, J. Ramon, J. Suárez eds., El asentamiento protohistórico de Ceuta. Indígenas y fenicios en la orilla norteafricana del Estrecho de gibraltar, Ceuta, 381-419.
Toscanos, Málaga, Spain	Unknown	36.736245	-4.117136	8th – 7th BCE	Phoenician	Vertebrae				Lepiklsaar, J. (1973), Fischknochenfunde aus der Phönozischen Faktorei von toscanos”, Studien über frühe Tier Knochenfunde von der Iberischen Halbinsel 4, Munich, 109-119
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	8th-6th BCE	Archaic	Vertebrae		Multiple	100-150	Nobis, G. (1999), Die Tierreste von Karthago, in: Rakob 1999, 574-632.
Castillo de Doña Blanca, Spain	Unknown	36.628041	-6.161514	750-500 BCE	Iron Age	Vertebrae		52		Roselló-Izquierdo, E., and Morales-Muñiz, A. (1994). The Fishes. In Castillo de Doña Blanca: Archaeoenvironmental Investigations in the Bay of Cadiz, Spain (750–500 BC), edited by E. Roselló-Izquierdo and A. Morales-Muñiz, pp. 91–142. BAR International Series 593. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
Tavira, Portugal	Unknown	37.131969	-7.645787	8th BCE – 1st CE	Iron Age	Vertebrae		1176		Unpublished
Huelva, Spain	Unknown	37.258423	-6.951776	8th BCE – 1st CE	Iron Age	Vertebrae		11		Roselló-Izquierdo, E. & Morales-Muñiz, A. (1990). La ictiofauna del yacimiento tartésico de la calle del Puerto, número 10 (Huelva): consideraciones generals. Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, S. I, Preliist. y Arqueol., t. 3, 1990, 291-298
Castro Marim, Portugal	Unknown	37.218908	-7.442775	8th – 4th BCE	Iron Age	Vertebrae		194		Unpublished
Althiburos, Tunisia	Unknown	35.873538	8.784947	700-750 BCE	Numid	Vertebrae		1		Valenzuela-Lamas, S. Poster ‘Économie vivrière à l’époque numide’. Le cas d’althiburos (Médéina, Le kef, Tunisie)
Acinipo, Spain	Unknown	36.83174	-5.239955	7th BCE	Punic	Vertebrae inside 1x amphorae	Y	Multiple		Aguayo de Hoyos, P., Carrilero Millán, M., Martínez Fernández, G. (1987). La presencia fenicia y el proceso de aculturación de las comunidades del Bronce Final de la depresión de Ronda (Málaga). Atti II Congresso Internazionale di Studi Fenici e Punici, 2, 559‑571.
Cerro del Villar Malaga, Spain	Unknown	36.671605	-4.463815	600-575 BCE	Punic	Vertebrae				Rodríguez Santana, C.G. (1999). “La pesca y la explotación marítima y fluvial”, In M.e. Aubet, E. Curiá, A. Delgado, A. Fernández Canto, M. Párraga eds., Cerro del Villar. El asentamiento fenicio de la desembocadura del río Guadalhorce y su interacción con el hinterland, Sevilla, 320-324
Chersonesos, Crimea	The Museum of Chersonesos	44.612197	33.490491	6th-5th BCE	Greek	Vertebrae		1		Lebedev, V.D. & Lapin, U.E. (1954). On the issue of fishing in the Bosporos (K voprosu o rybalovstve v Bosporosskom tsarstve; in Russian). MIA 33, 197-214.
Corinth, Greece	The Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth	37.905715	22.878785	460-440 BCE	Greek	Vertebrae and scales inside amphorae	Y	Multiple		Zimmerman Munn, M.-L. (2003). Corinthian trade with the Punic West in the Classical period. In C. K. Williams and N. Bookidis (eds.) Corinth. The Centenary 1896–1996. Results of Excavations conducted by the American School of Classical Studies at Athens,195–217. Princeton, Princeton University Press. Sáez Romero, A. M. & Τheodoropoulou, T. In press. Salting and consuming fish in the Classical Mediterranean. A review of the archaeological evidence from the Punic Amphora Building (Corinth, Greece), in D. Βernal-Casasola, M. Bonifay & A. Pecci (eds), Roman amphorae contents: reflecting on maritime trade of food stuffs in antiquity, Proceedings of the RAC International Interactive Conference, Cadiz Spain, 5-7 October 2015, Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery International Series, Archaeopress, Oxford.
Camposoto, Spain	San Fernando Historical Museum	36.428962	-6.228988	450 BCE	Punic	Vertebral and cranial elements		234		Sáez Romero, A.M., Sáez Espligares, A., Ramon Torres, J., Muñoz Vicente, Á. (2004). Paleo contenido de ánfora púnica (tipo Ramon T‑11.2.1.3). In Garum y salazones en el Círculo del Estrecho. Catálogo de la Exposición (Algeciras), Granada, 252‑253.	As detailed in Lozano-Francisco, ICTIOFAUNA DEL YACIMIENTO ALFARERO FENICIO DEL SECTOR III DE CAMPOSOTO (SAN FERNANDO).
Plaza de Asdrúbal, Spain	Cadiz Museum	36.517622	-6.284391	5th BCE	Punic	Vertebrae		45		Bernal-Casasola, D., Muñoz Vicente, Á., Marlasca Martín, R, Cantillo Duarte, J. J., Vargas Girón, J. M., Lara Medina, M. (2014). Atunes ronqueados y conchas de la plaza de Asdrúbal. Novedades haliéuticas en los saladeros gadiri tas. In Cantillo Duarte, J.J. Bernal-Casasola, D. & Ramos Muñoz, J. (eds.), Moluscos y púrpura en contextos arqueológicos atlánticomediterráneos: nuevos datos y reflexiones en clave de proceso histórico, Cádiz, pp. 205‑228.
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	5th-4th BCE	Punic	Vertebrae		Multiple	80-200+	Nobis, G. (1999). Die Tierreste von Karthago, in Rakob 1999, 574-632.
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	5th – 4th BCE	Punic	Vertebrae, scales		5	large	Van Neer, W. and Wouters, W. (2009). Fish remains from the Bir Messaouda excavations 2000/2001 and other Carthaginian settlement contexts. 65-74.
Pilarou Cave, Thera, Santorini, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Thera	36.418398	25.428025	5th – 1st BCE	Classical-Hellenistic	Vertebrae		1	80	Mylona, D. (2008b). Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century BC to the seventh century AD. A story of impoverished fishermen or luxurious fish banquets? Archaeopress.
Portopalo, Sicily, Italy	Unknown	36.684011	15.136934	5th BCE – 1st BCE	Hellenistic	Vertebrae		Multiple	50-150	Bernal-Casasola, D., Malfitana, D. Antonino Mazzaglia, J., & Díaz, J. (2020) Tonno e garum nelle cetariae ellenistiche e romane di Portopalo e Vendicari (Sicilia). Primi risultati interdisciplinari, Monografie HEROM, Catania, 2020
Palacio de Justicia, Cadiz, Spain	Cadiz Museum	36.527012	-6.28849	5th BCE – 2nd CE	Punic, Roman	Vertebrae				Bernal-Casasola, D. (ed). (2011). Pescar con Arte. Fenicios y romanos en el origen de los aparejos andaluces. Monografias del Proyecto Sagena, 3, Cádiz, 2011
Kassopi, Greece	Unknown	39.145032	20.676176	4th BCE	Hellenistic	Vertebrae				Boessneck, J. (1994). Zooarchaeologische Ergebnisse an den Tierkochen- und Molluskenfunden in W. Hoepfner & E.-L Schwandner. Haus und Stadt im Klasischen Griechenland, Munchen; Deutcher Kunstverlag, 175-179.
Place Jules Verne, Marseille, France	Unknown	43.296483	5.368685	4rd-3rd BCE	Roman	Vertebrae		Multiple		Sternberg, M. (1998). Les produits de la pêche et la modification des structures halieutiques en Gaule Narbonnaise du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. au Ier siècle ap. J.-C. Les données de Lattes (Hérault), Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône) et Olbia-de-Provence (Var). Mélanges de l’école française de Rome, 110(1), 81-109.
Besik Tepe, Turkey	Unknown	39.915167	26.150817	4th-1st BCE	Bronze Age	Vertebrae		15		von den Driesch, A. & Boessneck, J. (1984). Vorläufiger Bericht über die Untersuchungen an Tierknochenfunden (Besik Tepe, Grabung 1982). Archäologischer Anzeiger, 186-192. Boessneck J. (1986). Die Weichtieresser vom Besik-Sivritepe. Archäologischer Anzeiger, 329-338. Rose, M. (1994). With line and glittering bronze hook: fishing in the Aegean Bronze Age. PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor, Bloomington (unpublished).
Vendicari, Sicily, Italy	Unknown	36.791916	15.104497	4th BCE – 1st CE	Hellenistic	Vetebrae		Multiple		Basile, B. (1992). Stabilimenti per la lavorazione del pesce lungo le coste siracusane: Vendicari e Portopalo, “V Rassegna di Archeologia Subacquea” (Giardini Naxos 1990), Messina, 1992, 55- 86.
Messene, Greece	Messene, Greece	37.174988	21.920158	3rd-2nd BCE	Classical-Hellenistic	Vertebrae		1		Rose, M. (2000). The fish remains. In Shaw, J.W. and Shaw, M.C. (eds). Kommos IV. The Greek sanctuary. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 495-560.
Tamuda, Morocco	Musée Archéologique, Tetouan	35.558333	-5.409722	3rd BCE – 1st CE	Punico-Mauretanian	Vertebrae				Trakadas, A. (2018). ‘In Mauretaniae maritimis’: marine resource exploitation in a Roman North African province. Geographica Historica series. Franz Steiner Verlag: Stuttgart.
Costa Rincon, Morocco	Musée Archéologique, Tetouan	35.686267	-5.322837	3rd BCE – 1st CE	Punico-Mauretanian	Vertebrae				Trakadas, A. (2018). ‘In Mauretaniae maritimis’: marine resource exploitation in a Roman North African province. Geographica Historica series. Franz Steiner Verlag: Stuttgart.
Teatro Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain	Museum of Cadiz	36.528461	-6.293673	3rd BCE – 3rd CE	Roman	Vertebrae		Multiple		Bernal-Casasola, D., Cobos Rodríguez, L., Marlasca, M., Ricard, C.D., Juan J., Vargas Girón, J.M., Lara Medina, M. (2014b). De las fogatas profilácticas púnicas a las chancas romanas. Moluscos y escómbridos en el antiguo Teatro Andalucía de Cádiz. In Juan Jesús Cantillo Duarte, Darío Bernal Casasola y José Ramos Muñoz (eds.), Moluscos y púrpura en contextos arqueológicos atlánticomediterráneos: nuevos datos y reflexiones en clave de proceso histórico, Cádiz, pp. 179‑204,
Pantikapaion, Crimea	Unknown	45.350532	36.468559	250 BCE	Greek	Vertebrae		5		Morales-Muñiz, A., Antipina, E., Antipina, A. and Rosello, E. (2007). An ichthyoarchaeological survey of the ancient fisheries from the Northern Black Sea. Archaeofauna, 16, 117-172.
Sant’Antioco, Sardinia, Italy	Unknown	39.067608	8.454588	2nd BCE	Phoenician	Vertebrae		2	100	Carenti, G. (2013). San’t Antioco (SW Sardinia, Italy): Fish and Fishery Resource Exploitation in a Western Phoenician Colony. Archaeofauna, 22, 37-49
Kalaureia, Poros, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Poros	37.519959	23.454995	2nd BCE	Classical-Hellenistic	Vertebrae		6		Mylona, D. (2008b). Fish-eating in Greece from the fifth century BC to the seventh century AD. A story of impoverished fishermen or luxurious fish banquets? Archaeopress.
Baelo Claudia, Spain	Baelo Claudia Museum	36.089744	-5.774944	2nd BCE	Roman	Vertebrae		20	100-200	Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Bernal Casasola, D., Arévalo González, A. (2004a). Proceso de despiece de túnidos, In Garum y salazones en el Círculo del Estrecho. Catálogo de la Exposición (Algeciras), Granada, 176‑177.
Punta Camarinal, Baelo Claudia, Spain	Baelo Claudia Museum	36.083652	-5.786697	2nd BCE	Roman	Vertebrae, fins, tails		1052	96-391	Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Bernal Casasola, D., Arévalo González, A. (2004b). Conjunto de túnidos. In Garum y salazones en el Círculo del Estrecho. Catálogo de la Exposición (Algeciras), Granada, 82‑83. Morales-Muñiz A, Roselló-Izquierdo E (2007) Los atunes de Baelo Claudia y Punta Camarinal (s. II d.C.). Apuntes preliminares. In: Arévalo-González A, Bernal-Casasola D (eds) Las Cetariae de Baelo Claudia. Avance de las Investigaciones arqueológicas en el barrio meridional (2000–2004). Sevilla, pp 355–374.
Baelo Claudia, Spain	Baelo Claudia Museum	36.089744	-5.774944	2nd BCE	Roman	Amphorae with scales		Multiple		Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Bernal Casasola, D., Arévalo González, A. (2004c). Paleocontenido de imitaciones gaditanas de ánforas grecoitálicas. In Garum y salazones en el Círculo del Estrecho. Catálogo de la Exposición (Algeciras), Granada, 254‑255.
Milazzo, Sicily, Italy	Unknown	38.222297	15.241445	2nd BCE – 2nd CE	Roman	Vertebrae and cranial elements		500		Mangano, G. (2009). I resti faunistici del sito di Contrada Vaccarella a Milazzo. In Tigano, G. (ed) Mylai II. Scavi e ricerche nell’area urbana (1996–2005). Regione Siciliana, Messina, 271	hundreds of fragments of Dressel 21 amphorae mixed with more than 500 fish bone fragments that were mostly of tuna Thunnus thynnus
Baelo Claudia, Spain	Baelo Claudia Museum	36.089744	-5.774944	1st BCE	Roman	Amphorae with scales		Multiple		Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Bernal Casasola, D., Arévalo González, A. (2004d). Paleocontenido de ánfora púnica (tipo Ramon T‑7.4.3.2). In Garum y salazones en el Círculo del Estrecho. Catálogo de la Exposición (Algeciras)
Titán Wreck, Isle of Levant, France	Unknown	43.024124	6.48888	1st BCE	Roman	Amphorae with scales	Y	Multiple		Tailliez, P. (1961). Travaux de l’ete 1958 sur l’epave du Titan a l’ile du Levant (Toulon), Actes du iie Congres In ter national d’archeologie sous marines, Bordighera, 175‑178.
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	Unknown	Pre-roman	Vertebrae				Weinstock, J. (1995). Some Bone Remains from Carthago, 1991 Excavation Season, in Buitenhuis, H., & Uerpmann, H.P. (eds.). Archaeozoology of the near East II (Leiden 1995), 113-118.
Lixus, Morocco	Unknown	35.199721	-6.111125	Unknown	Pre-roman	Vertebrae				Rodrigues Santana C. G. and Rodrigo Garcia, M.J. (2005). ‘Las ictiofaunas arqueológicas’ in Aranegui, C. (ed.), Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, extra 6: Lixus-2. LaderaSur. Excavaciones arqueológicas marroco-españolas en la colonia fenicia. Campañas 2000–2003, 241-52
Cerro del Mar, Vélez-Málaga, Spain	Unknown	36.73744	-4.10851	1st BCE – 1st CE	Roman	Vertebrae, amphorae with scales		150+	200	von den Driesch, A. (1980). Osteoarchäologische Auswertung von Garum‑Resten des Cerro del Mar, Madrider Mitteilungen 21, 151‑154.
Populonia, Italy	Unknown	42.989079	10.492188	1st BCE – 1st CE	Roman	Cranial elements in amphorae		64		De Grossi J. M. (2006). Testimonianze di lavorazione del tonno a Populonia?. Materiali per Populonia, 5, 263-272.
Lixus, Morocco	Unknown	35.199721	-6.111125	1st CE	Pre-roman	Vertebrae		1		Unpublished
Olivillo, Cadiz, Spain	Cadiz Museum	36.533941	-6.305477	1st CE	Roman	Vertebrae		50-100	50-150	Bernal-Casasola, D., Vargas Girón, J.M., & Lara Medina, Y. Atunes en salazón y en conserva en las chancas gaditanas: perspectivas desde El Olivillo in 7 metros de la Historia de Cádiz. Arqueología en El Olivillo y en el Colegio Mayor Universitario (2019). Universidad de Cádiz. 726 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9828-728-7
Castro Marim, Portugal	Unknown	37.218908	-7.442775	1st CE	Roman	Vertebrae		13		Unpublished
Chiessi Wreck, Isle of Elba, Italy	Unknown	42.758876	10.109927	1st CE	Roman	Amphorae with scales	Y	Multiple		Delussu, F., Wilkens, B. (2000). Le conserve di pesce. Alcuni dati da contesti italiani. Mélanges de l’école française de Rome, 112, 17‑18.
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	1st-3rd CE	Roman	Vertebrae		Multiple	Large	Nobis, G. (1999). Die Tierreste von Karthago, in Rakob 1999, 574-632.
Mytilene, Lesvos, Greece	Unknown	39.111333	26.56237	1st-4th CE	Roman	Vertebrae				Ruscillo, D. (1993). Faunal remains from the Akropolis site, Mytilene. Echoes du Monde Classique, 37, 201-210.
Puerta Califal, Ceuta, Spain	Unknown	35.888619	-5.317992	1st – 5th CE	Roman	Vertebrae		Multiple		Bernal-Casasola, D., Marlasca, R., Rodríguez Santana, C.G., Villada, F. (2012). Los atunes de la Tingitana. Un contexto excepcional de las factorías salazoneras salazoneras de Septem Fratres, Convegno Internazionale di Studi sull’Africa Romana XIX (Sassari – Alghero, 2010), Trasformazione dei paesaggi del potere nell’Africa settentrionale fino alla fine del mondo antico, 3, 2507-2534, Sassari, 2012.
Dion, Greece	Archaeological Museum of Dion	40.171222	22.484087	2nd-3rd CE	Roman	Vertebrae or scales in amphorae	Y	2 vertebrae, amphorae of Punic origin containing scales		Theodoropoulou, T. (2014). Salting the East: evidence for salted fish and fish-products from the Aegean Sea in Roman times. Fish & Ships Production and commerce of salsamenta during Antiquity. éditions errance, Centre Camille Jullian, 213-227.
Baelo Claudia, Spain	Baelo Claudia Museum	36.089744	-5.774944	4th-6th CE	Roman	Vertebrae		50-100	50-150	Bernal Casasola, D., Expósito Álvarez, J.A., Díaz Rodríguez, J.J., Marlasca Martín, R., Riquelme Cantal, J.A., Lara Medina, M., Vargas Girón, J.M, Bustamante Álvarez, M., Pascual Sánchez, M. (2016). Saladeros romanos en Baelo Claudia: nuevas investigaciones arqueológicas. In Un Estrecho de Conservas. Del garum de Baelo Claudia a la melva de Tarifa. Catálogo de la Exposición, Cádiz, pp. 43‑69. Brassous, L., Deru, X., Oliva Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Dananai, A., Dienst, S., Doyen, J.-M., Florent, G., Gomes, M., Lemaître, S., Louvion, C., Oueslati, T., Renard, S., 2017. Baelo Claudia dans l’Antiquité tardive. L’occupation du secteur sud-est du forum entre les IIIe et VIe siècles. Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez Nouvelle série 47, 167-200.
Teatro Romano, Malaga, Spain	Unknown	36.721589	-4.416961	5th CE	Roman	Vertebrae		2		Lozano‑Francisco, del Carmen, M. (2017). Estudio ictiológico de los residuos encontrados en las cetariae malacitanas. A propósito de las factorías del teatro romano de Málaga. In Corrales Aguilar, M. (ed.), Aportaciones a la Malaca tardorromana y bizantina. Excavaciones en la factoría de salazones del teatro romano de Málaga (siglos iv‑vi d C.), Sevilla, pp. 143‑164.
Utica, Tunisia	Unknown	37.052038	10.05845	Unknown	Roman	Vertebrae		2	86-200	Unpublished
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	5th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		Multiple	90-100	Nobis, G. (1999). Die Tierreste von Karthago, in Rakob 1999, 574-632.
Carteia, Spain	Unknown	36.182507	-5.409637	5th-6th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		2		Exposito, J.A. & García Pantoja, M.E. (2020). Consumo de moluscos marinos en las cetariae romanas del barrio salazonero de Carteia (San Roque, Cádiz). In Vicens, M.A. & Pons, G.X. (eds). Avances en Arqueomalacologia. Nuevos conocimientos sobre las sociedades pasadas y su entorno natural gracias a los moluscos, Monografies de la Societat de Historia Natural de les Balears, 32, Palma de Mallorca
San Nicolás, Algeciras, Spain	Algeciras Museum	36.125397	-5.44464	5th-6th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		3	100-150	Roselló-Izquierdo, E. & Morales-Muñiz, A. (2018). Vertebrados de las factorías de la calle San Nicolás y reflexiones zoológicas sobre las factorías romanas de salazones in Casasola, D.B. and Álvarez, R.J.C., 2019. Las cetariae de Ivlia Tradvcta. Resultados de las excavaciones arqueológicas en la calle San Nicolás de Algeciras (2001‑2006). Almoraima: revista de estudios campogibraltareños, (51), p.259.
Santa Filitica, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.871994	8.629028	5th-7th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		1		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.
Sant’Imbenia, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.622647	8.196608	5th-7th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		1		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.
İznik Roman Theatre, Turkey	İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa	40.426431	29.717266	5th-7th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae	Y	1		Unpublished
Gruissan, France	Université Paul Valéry	43.085258	3.064479	6th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		1		Unpublished
Carthage, Tunisia	Unknown	36.850896	10.327218	6th-7th CE	Late Roman	Vertebrae		1	100	Van Neer, W. and Wouters, W. (2009). Fish remains from the Bir Messaouda excavations 2000/2001 and other Carthaginian settlement contexts. 65-74.
Yenikapi, Istanbul, Turkey	İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa	41.006012	28.952274	4-15th CE	Byzantine	Vertebrae		150	>150	Onar, V., Pazvant G., Armutak A. (2008). Radiocarbon dating results of the animal remains uncovered at Yenikapi Excavations. Istanbul Archaeological Museums, Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Marmaray-Metro Salvage Excavations, May 5th-6th, Istanbul, 2008, 249-256.
Balat, Istanbul, Turkey	İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa	41.031622	28.949684	4-15th CE	Byzantine	Vertebrae		21		Unpublished
Bathonea, Istanbul, Turkey	İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa	41.032973	28.734425	4-15th CE	Byzantine	Vertebrae		2		Unpublished
Casale San Pietro, Sicily	University of York	37.669397	13.647681	8-9th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		4		Aniceti, V. (2019). Animals and their roles in the medieval society of Sicily: from Byzantines to Arabs and from Arabs to Norman/Swabians. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sheffield, U.K.
Sant’Antonino, Sicily	University of York	38.109612	13.364808	9-10th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		12	100-200	Aniceti, V. (2019). Animals and their roles in the medieval society of Sicily: from Byzantines to Arabs and from Arabs to Norman/Swabians. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sheffield, U.K.
Corso dei Mille, Sicily	University of York	38.109328	13.36998	9-10th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		16	100-200	Aniceti, V. (2019). Animals and their roles in the medieval society of Sicily: from Byzantines to Arabs and from Arabs to Norman/Swabians. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sheffield, U.K.
Mazara del Vallo, Sicily	University of York	37.654081	12.591009	10-11th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		10	100-200	Aniceti, V. (2019). Animals and their roles in the medieval society of Sicily: from Byzantines to Arabs and from Arabs to Norman/Swabians. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sheffield, U.K.
Mazara del Vallo, Sicily	University of York	37.654081	12.591009	13th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae and cranial elements		10	100-250	Aniceti, V. (2019). Animals and their roles in the medieval society of Sicily: from Byzantines to Arabs and from Arabs to Norman/Swabians. Doctoral Thesis. University of Sheffield, U.K.
Saltes, Huelva, Spain	Unknown	37.189887	-6.951584	12th-14th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae				Morales-Muñiz, A., Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Lenfacker, A., & Morales-Muñiz, D.C. (1994). Archaeozoological research in medieval Iberia: fishing and fish trade on almohad sites. Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia 34 (1-2), 453-475
Søborg, Gribskov, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	56.090295	12.310511	13th-14th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae				Unpublished
Monteleone, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.471828	8.562548	14th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae	Y	1		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.
Ceuta, Spain	Unknown	35.888781	5.304856	14th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		4		Lozano Francisco, M.C. 2010, Paleobiologia de los restos orgánicos desechados por la comunidad ceutí del siglo XIV”, in J.M. Hita, J. Suarez, F. Villada eds., Comer en Ceuta en el siglo XIV. La alimentación durante la época marina, Ceuta, pp. 39-56.
La Cartuja, Seville, Spain	Unknown	37.399887	-6.008102	14th-15th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae		1	>150	Roselló-Izquierdo, E., Morales-Muñiz, A. and Carmen Morales-Muñiz, D., 1994. La Cartuja/Spain: anthropogenic ichthyocenosis of culinary nature in a paleocultural context. Offa, 51, pp.323-331.
Raversijde, Oostende, Belgium	Unknown	51.206567	2.864509	15th CE	Middle Ages	Scales, vertebrae		165		Pieters, M., Baeteman, C., Bastiaens, J., Bollen, A., Clogg, P., Cooremans, B., Bie, M.D., Buyser, F.D., Decorte, G., Deforce, K., Groote, A.D., Demerre, I., Demiddele, H., Ervynck, A., Gevaert, G., Goddeeris, T., Lentacker, A., Schietecatte, L., Vandenbruaene, M., Neer, W.V., Strydonck, M.V., Verhaeghe, F., Vince, A., Watzeels, S., Zeebroek, I. (2013). Het archeologisch onderzoek in Raversijde (Oostende) in de periode 1992-2005. COLOFON Relicta Monografi eën 8, Archeologie, Monumenten- en Landschapsonderzoek in Vlaanderen 8, 637.
Tårnby Torv, Copenhagen, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	55.631079	12.599576	13th-17th CE	Middle Ages	Vertebrae				Unpublished
Pedras de Fogu, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.863104	8.624177	16th-18th CE	Modern	Vertebrae and cranial elements		767	Ages 4-11	Wilkens, B. and Delussu, F., 2001. Analisi dei resti ossei della tonnara di Pedras de Fogu. Archeologia Postmedievale, 5, pp.214-222.
Østergade, Gilleleje, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	56.12402	12.309306	1600 CE	Modern	Vertebrae				Unpublished
Cappuccine, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.728719	8.557354	17th CE	Modern	Vertebrae		1		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.
Ågabet, Bagenkop, Denmark	SNM Copenhagen	54.763059	10.675888	1550-1620 CE	Modern	Vertebrae				Unpublished
Sassari, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.72	8.55	17th-19th CE	Modern	Vertebrae		5		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.	Location approximate
Leca Harbour, Marseille, France	Université Paul Valéry	43.302007	5.366698	1750-1850 CE	Modern	Vertebrae and cranial elements		46		Piques, G. (2020). Etude de l’ichtyofaune : déchets de préparation de thons et autres restes de poissons” in Richier (dir.), Avant le port de la Joliette, Le Castel, 22 rue Jean-François Leca, Marseille, Rapport final d’opération de fouille archéologique, INRAP Midi-Méditerranée, SRA PACA, 448-452.
Conil de la Frontera, Spain	Cadiz Museum	36.277692	-6.087928	1755 CE	Modern	Vertebrae and scales		100+	>150	Gutiérrez-Mas, J.M., Gómez Fernández, V., García-López, S., Morales-Muñiz, J.A. y Ibáñez Ageitos, J.M. (2016). Comparative analysis of the deposits left by the tsunami that followed to the Lisbon Earth-quake (1755 AD), on the Castilnovo beach and the Old Tuna Factory of La Chança (Conil de la Frontera, SW Spain). Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España, 29(1), 21-33.
Palazzo Ducale, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy	Sassari Laboratorio di Archeozoologia	40.726683	8.559406	19th CE	Modern	Vertebrae		1		Wilkens, B. (2020). Fishing in Sardinia, Middle and Modern Ages, Poster. FRWG 19th Meeting.
Central Mediterannean Tonnare	Massimo Sella Archive, University of Bologna	Various	Various	1911-1941 CE	Modern	Vertebrae		300+	Complete range	Riccioni, G., Landi, M., Ferrara, G., Milano, I., Cariani, A., Zane, L., Sella, M., Barbujani, G. and Tinti, F. (2010). Spatio-temporal population structuring and genetic diversity retention in depleted Atlantic bluefin tuna of the Mediterranean Sea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(5), 2102-2107.